Psalm 78 vv. 40-72
Psalm 78 is a maskil psalm (probably a call to repentance). This is also a psalm of wisdom, illustrating the history of the Israelites, using the past to instruct the present, teaching people to beware of making the same mistakes, that they ought to remember God’s unchanging grace, believe and keep the covenant they made with him. This is also the second longest psalm in the book of psalms (second only to Psalm 119). This psalm is made of two movements.
The first movement (verses 1-39) is about the wandering of the Israelites in the desert of Sinai; the second movement (verses 40-72) is about the journey of the Israelites from Egypt to the land of Canaan. The psalmist purposely narrated the positives and negatives of every situation with great repetition, no matter if it was the journey in the wilderness, or the journey from Egypt to the land of Canaan, all of this revealed one manner by which things took place: God’s gracious acts, then the Israelites’ rebellion and stubbornness, then God wrath and judgement, then God’s salvation. When reading this psalm, here are some of my thoughts: on one side, I marvel at the great and astounding grace shown and the forever unchanging love kept by God to his chosen people Israel; on another side, I feel sorrow towards the Israelites’ stubbornness and rebellion, treason against God, and continual sinning, after receiving such love from God. Thanks be to the Lord, history is a mirror that reflects ourselves - do we see how similar we are to the Israelites of old, that we also are a stubborn and rebellious people, often forgetting God, doubting God, grumbling against God, resisting God, even forsaking God? But at the same time, God also wants us to see from this mirror of history the great grace and mercy of God (God’s sacrificial redemption - the life of the Lord Jesus Christ), and the longsuffering and unchanging love of God towards us, the real Israelites.
Brothers and sisters, is such amazing grace and boundless love still unable to conquer our hearts? How ought we respond to our God who loves us? Does he not deserve our offering up of our everything (including our very life) to praise, thank, follow and serve? Brothers and sisters, are you willing to resolve before God to respond to him this way? May the Lord mercifully guide us in our every day and every step! Thanks be to the Lord, in the last two verses (verses 71-72), God promises us surely that the Lord Jeus Christ, this true great Shepherd, good Shepherd will himself tend for us, the sheep of his flock - the church whom redeemed with the heavy price of his own precious blood and life! Hallelujah! Furthermore, this maskil psalm also allows us to understand that the psalmist’s numerous repetitions was intended to admonish the Israelites of old and us of today (the church), that we ought to treasure God’s word, think highly of and remember God’s works, and even more so, to humbly and carefully obey God’s word, fear the God all our lives, and walk with God. Not only so, we ought to faithfully teach the grace and works of God for the next generation to hear (Deuteronomy 6:4-9), as well as proclaim to the world that they may hear (Romans 10:14-15). I believe that this is also the direction of guidance for our church, as it always has been, thanks and praise be to our Lord for this! How should we individually respond to this calling from God? Do we in our families faithfully teach the next generation to obey God’s word? In our living, studying and workplaces, how are we (in speech and actions) proclaiming God’s word to those around us? May God mercifully help us to see our own sins and shortcomings, that we may be willing to come before the Lord, confess and repent of our sins, and have our strength renewed!
Psalm 79
This is a song of corporate lament, lamenting the desolation of Jerusalem during the conquest of Babylon (the background is the same as that of Psalm 74). The psalm begins by describing the scene of the invasion of gentiles, the temple being defiled, and the people of God being scorned; following that, the psalmist prayed for his country, acknowledging their sins and asking God for forgiveness, at the same time asking God to punish the gentiles who did not fear God; finally, the psalmist expressed praise and eternal thanksgiving. The psalmist’s prayer is filled with agony and complaint. At the start of the psalm, the psalmist used very strong language, saying, “your inheritance”, “your holy temple”, “your servants” and “your saints”, emphasizing the relationship of belonging, signifying this people and land was set apart by God, making a stark contrast with the gentiles who neither knew God nor sought for the kingdom of God, that is, God’s enemies. This way, the psalmist connects the Israelites and Jerusalem with God as one body, and as a result, the shame of the Israelites and Jerusalem naturally became the shame of God’s name. Furthermore, the psalmist cried out to God, pleading with God to forgive the sins of the people of Israel and their forefathers (verse 8, 9); calling for God to show justice and punish their enemies (verse 6,7,10,12); asking God to save his people, and restore their glory (verse 9,13). The reason why the psalmist was able to pray in such a way as to align with the will of God was due completely to him knowing God’s name. In the Hebrew language, the name presented a person’s nature, characteristics, and personality. God’s name represented God himself, and was his very nature/attributes and glory. God himself declared on Mount Sinai: “The Lord, the Lord, a God gracious and merciful, slow to anger and abounding in love and faithfulness, continuing his love for a thousand generations, and forgiving wickedness, rebellion, and sin; yet not declaring the guilty guiltless, but bringing punishment for their parents’ wickedness on children and children’s children to the third and fourth generation!” Exodus 34:6-7. Consequently, God in “continuing his love for a thousand generations”, at the same time, cannot abstain from judging sin and displaying righteousness. Lastly, the psalmist by faith once again proclaimed their relationship with God, showing that they are God’s people, the sheep of his pasture, and as long as they steadfastly rely on God, He will protect, watch over, and guide them. Thanks and praise naturally spring forth. Brothers and sisters, we are closely united to God in Jesus Christ. The Lord is in us, and the Father is in the Lord, allowing us to become completely one with the triune God (John 17:23). What an unfathomable reality this is! Hopefully our relationship with God will be more than head knowledge, may God help us, so that this truth may sink deep in our hearts, becoming our experience and life. Furthermore, if we are facing suffering, do we turn to God, coming before him in prayer? May God have mercy on us, that we may be like the psalmist, calling out to God when we experience times of suffering and trial, pleading with God to help us for the sake of the glory of his name. And as a result, we will be enabled to give all thanks and praise to God!
Psalm 80
This psalm is a prayer for the nation, and because the nation has been invaded by enemies, the psalmist seeks God’s help. The background of the writing of this psalm is when the Northern Kingdom fell under Assyria (2 Kings 17:1-6), and many of the people fled to the Southern Kingdom. The Judeans of the Southern Kingdom were also at risk of being captured by Assyria at any moment, thus they called out to God. The names Joseph, Ephraim, Benjamin, and Mannaseh in the psalm all represented the Kingdom of Northern Israel. The psalmist directly illustrates the relationship between God and the Israelites - O Shepherd of Israel, you who lead Israel like a flock; O God of Israel, seated on your throne of grace between the cherubim. And it was on the basis of this relationship that the psalmist cried out for God to shine forth, and save the Israelites with his mighty power. In the Old Testament, the vine was often used to portray the relationship between God and his people (Isaiah 5:1-7; Jeremiah 2:21; Ezekiel 15:1-8). In the New Testament the Lord Jesus also often used the vine and branches to portray the relationship between God, Lord Jesus himself, and the disciples (John 15:1-5). The reason why God uprooted the vine that he himself planted and nurtured was because of Israel’s disobedience and sins against God (Hosea 10:1-2). The cutting off of branches that did not bear fruit was prophesied by God, and it will happen (John 15:1-2). This was also due to God’s righteous character, God is a God who detests evil. Brothers and sisters, here we should take caution and reflect on whether we ourselves have borne fruit (the fruit of the Spirit is one all-encompassing fruit, signifying a holistic change from the inside out). Those who have not borne fruit, are you willing to turn to Godand ask for the Lord’s mercy and forgiveness? If we confess our sins, the Lord is faithful and righteous and he will certainly forgive us our sins and wash us from all unrighteousness (1 John 1:9).
Psalm 81
This is a psalm of praise for celebrating a festival. The word “gittith” in the heading means “a joyous melody”, used for singing on national festivals including the Feast of Tabernacles, the Passover, and other festivals. The entire psalm is filled with joyful emotions, the root of happiness is the grace that God showed to their forefathers and the promise of blessings in the future. In the proceeding sections, the psalmist recounted God’s acts of graciousness - having burdens removed, receiving salvation, promises, trials, admonishments… (verses 5-16), this becomes in our hearts the root of happiness and praise to God. At the same time, the psalmist reminded Israel of God’s admonishments and requirements - “listen to my voice”, “obey me”, “walk on my path” (verse 8,13). “You shall have no foreign god among you; you shall not bow down to an alien god (verse 9). This is the first of the ten commandments. However, the Israelites in their thousand year history continually rebelled against God and worshipped idols. And yet, are we not the same? Brothers and sisters, to us, is God really the true God revealed through the Bible, who deserves our offering up of all of who we are including our very lives to follow and serve? Or is he an idol we have crafted with our own minds to serve ourselves? May God have mercy on us and shine his light on our hearts, that we may see and confess our sins and repent, turning to this righteous and holy and merciful and gracious, self-sacrificing, triune, the one and only true God! In verses 10-16, if we listen to God’s word, the result is we are able to completely rely on God and look towards God’s providence (verse 10). If we don’t listen, God will give us over to the stubbornness of our hearts, doing as we please, letting us eat the bitter fruit that we have planted ourselves (verses 11-12). Yet when we return, He will swiftly come to our aid, and prepare for us a table before our enemies (verses 13-16). Our God is a God who is gracious and merciful, holy and righteous, not treating the guilty as guiltless. He deals with us according to his grace and mercy, sending down his salvation, desiring for us to confess our sins and return, returning to him and trusting him. God never forsook his people and he never dealt with us as we deserved. He used his very own life to redeem his rebellious people, placing the pot of fire on our heads, letting us abide in his love, knowing sin, confessing sin, repenting of sin and forsaking sin. He deserves all the praise and glory. Verse 10 “Open wide your mouth and I will fill it” refers to when we seek first the kingdom and righteousness of God, all that we need will be given us. If we ask we will receive, seek and we will find, knock and the door will be opened unto us (Luke 11:9-10). But we cannot ask wrongly with greed, seeking after the pleasures of this world, for God knows all things (James 4:3). May God have mercy on us and open our hearts so that we may know what it is that we are truly seeking, and how that differs with the world.
Psalm 82
This is a psalm that contains prophetic messages. The central idea of the entire psalm is justice. “The gods” refer to human rulers and the judges of the people, for all earthly authority is granted by God. In this psalm, the psalmist rebukes the unjust judges who rule over Israel, possibly written in an era of widespread corruption and injustice. This psalm can be divided into three sections: one, referring to God as the supreme judge (verse 1); two, God rebuking the unjust judges and the corruption of the legal system (verses 2-7); the psalmist asks God to rise up and execute judgement (verse 8). The psalmist believes that only doing justice can please God, any society that does not actualize justice is destined to fall into total chaos, God will investigate the guilt of the rulers and harshly punish them. Even though only when the Lord comes again can justice be completely actualized, saints still ought to strive to actualize a kingdom of justice on earth (Matthew 6:10). This psalm gives people hope: even though judges are not just, yet above them is the righteous God who rules over all the world with the highest authority, even judges need to give an account to the just God. Ultimately, the justice of this world will be accomplished. This prompts me to think about the present age, there is nothing new under the sun. No matter on the other side of the Pacific Ocean or on this side , this world is filled with injustice, causing God to be angry. As children of God, if we truly know God, and truly are in a relationship of union with Christ, we will understand his will. If we truly have the heart of God, we will not merely speak of love in the general sense, but in this crooked and rebellious generation, we will demonstrate our love with concrete actions (for instance, our church prays for the June Fourth Massacre and for the persecuted house churches, and opposes the policies set out by the Canadian government regarding samesex marriage, gender transition for children and euthanasia, etc). May the Lord have mercy on us, and allow us to be willing and able to act justly and love mercy and to walk humbly with our God (Micah 6:8).